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Qu'est-ce (qui) est mutualism$51092$ - définition
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![American individualist anarchist [[Benjamin Tucker]], one of the individualist anarchists influenced by Proudhon's mutualism](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BenjaminTucker.jpg?width=200 "American individualist anarchist [[Benjamin Tucker]], one of the individualist anarchists influenced by Proudhon's mutualism")
![anti-capitalist]] mural](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FreeMarketAntiCapitalist.jpg?width=200 "anti-capitalist]] mural")
![American individualist anarchist [[Lysander Spooner]], who supported free banking and mutual credit](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LysanderSpooner.jpg?width=200 "American individualist anarchist [[Lysander Spooner]], who supported free banking and mutual credit")
![[[Francesc Pi i Margall]], briefly president of the [[First Spanish Republic]] and main Spanish translator of Proudhon's works](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pi y margall.jpg?width=200 "[[Francesc Pi i Margall]], briefly president of the [[First Spanish Republic]] and main Spanish translator of Proudhon's works")
![individualist]] and [[social anarchist]] thinkers](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of Pierre Joseph Proudhon 1865.jpg?width=200 "individualist]] and [[social anarchist]] thinkers")
Wikipédia
The ant–fungus mutualism is a symbiosis seen between certain ant and fungal species, in which ants actively cultivate fungus much like humans farm crops as a food source. There is only evidence of two instances in which this form of agriculture evolved in ants resulting in a dependence on fungi for food. These instances were the attine ants and some ants that are part of the Megalomyrmex genus. In some species, the ants and fungi are dependent on each other for survival. This type of codependency is prevalent among herbivores who rely on plant material for nutrition. The fungus’ ability to convert the plant material into a food source accessible to their host makes them the ideal partner. The leafcutter ant is a well-known example of this symbiosis. Leafcutter ants species can be found in southern South America up to the United States. However, ants are not the only ground-dwelling arthropods which have developed symbioses with fungi. A mutualism with fungi is also noted in some species of termites in Africa.
